Smoking and Health

IGCSE Edexcel Biology
2.49 Smoking Effects
Key Concept: Smoking damages lungs and the circulatory system and increases the risk of heart disease.

Section A: Lungs

1. State three effects of smoking on the lungs. [3]

Section B: Circulatory System

2. Explain two effects of smoking on the circulatory system. [4]

Section C: Coronary Heart Disease

3. Explain how smoking increases the risk of coronary heart disease. [3]
Total marks: 10

Mark Scheme

1. Any three: tar damages cilia, mucus build-up, emphysema (alveoli breakdown), lung cancer risk [3]
2. CO binds haemoglobin reducing oxygen transport; nicotine raises heart rate/blood pressure and damages artery lining (any two) [4]
3. Reduced oxygen and damaged arteries increase risk of plaque build-up and blocked coronary arteries [3]